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Sac: a pouch or bag-like structure
Sacrum: curved, triangular bone in the lower part of the back
Saline: a solution containing 0.9% sodium chloride. Saline may be used clinically as a diluent for drugs administered by injection and as a plasma substitute
Salmonella: a type of bacteria
Salpingectomy: removal of the fallopian tube by surgery
Sarcoma: a malignant tumour of connective tissue
Sciatic nerve: nerve running from the lower spine to the pelvis and down the back of each thigh
Sclerosis: hardening of a tissue due to inflammation
Scrotum: pouch of skin and subcutaneous tissue containing the testes situated below the penis
Sepsis: infection with pus forming micro-organisms
Septicaemia: infection caused by the invasion of the bloodstream by bacteria
Skin cancer: skin cancer is one of the most common cancers in the UK. Freckles, moles and patches that change shape, size or colour over a period of time and are itchy are a matter of concern and you should see a doctor. Types of skin cancer include malignant melanoma, non-malignant melanoma, basal cell cancers and squamous cell cancers
Spasm: an involuntary contraction of a muscle
Spina bifida: developmental defect in which a newborn baby has part of the spinal cord and its coverings exposed through a gap in the backbone
Spinal cord: cord of nerve tissue which forms the nervous system together with the brain
Spleen: a gland which removes bacteria from the blood
Statins: a group of drugs used to lower cholesterol levels in the blood. They are used as high cholesterol levels increase the risk of a heart attack or stroke
Stents: small meshed tubes which are inserted in to diseased arteries to prevent or counteract a disease-induced localised flow constriction. A stent is used in patients who have narrow coronary arteries which may have been caused by cholesterol along the lining of the arteries
Stillbirth: the birth of a dead baby
Stroke: a stroke is caused by the cutting off of the blood supply to the brain. This could be caused by a blood clot or a burst blood vessel. A stroke is very serious and requires urgent treatment as the longer the brain is starved of oxygen the greater the risk of brain damage
Subcutaneous: beneath the skin
Subdural haematoma: if a vein in the subdural space is torn, blood escapes in to the subdural space and causes a blood clot to form. This is known as a subdural haematoma. As the clot gets bigger it presses on the brain, causing headaches and confusion. A CT or MRI scan is needed to diagnose a subdural haematoma
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